Personality Traits
Type-A and Type-B personalities
Two American cardiologists, Friedmann and Rosenman, noticed that many of their patients with heart disease shared similar personality characteristics and tended to find it difficult to adjust their lifestyle in a way that would aid recuperation. After detailed research they discovered a significant relationship between certain habitual behavioural patterns and stress-related illness.
They reported that males with Type-A behaviour were six times as likely to suffer heart disease as men who exhibited Type-B behaviour. Type-A behaviour features four main patterns:
- intense sense of time urgency-always rushed, trying to achieve more in less time
- inappropriate hostility and aggression-excessively competitive, finds it difficult to relax and have fun; slight provocation may trigger hostility
- multiple behaviour-engages in two or more things simultaneously at improper times
- lack of proper planning-lack of planning to achieve required goals
Many studies of people who exhibit Type-A personalities in a wide range of contexts show that common characteristics include:
- work longer hours
- spend more time in classes (students)
- travel more for business
- get less sleep
- more involved in voluntary work, clubs, etc
- spend less time resting or relaxing
- work more around the home
- communicate less with their partners
- less marital sex
- derive little pleasure from socializing
Type-B behaviour is the opposite: more relaxed, less hurried, less competitive. The main character traits include:
- able to take the long view-they don't try to meet unrealistic targets or to take on more than they can cope with; better at delegating
- speed is not that important-don't worry if not every task can be completed to deadline
- sense of personal identity-don'i feel they have to earn respect and love; secure in who they are and what they do
- sense of proportion-no sense of constant struggle; always maintain a sense of balance at events in their lives
Classifying individuals as either Type-A or Type-B personalities helps to explain why some people are more prone to stress-related disease. It should be emphasized, however, that the distinction between these two personality types is not absolute; most people will fall between the two extreme types described.
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